Currently, Canadian temporary work permit holders do not have a direct path to permanent residency. However, this study found that, within 3 years of obtaining PR status, workers transitioned into roles with 5.7% higher pay, a difference that increased over time. Temporary foreign workers are tied to a single employer, allowing employers to keep wages at a minimum without competing with other employers. Switching industries through labour mobility enables immigrants to apply more of their skills to higher-paying jobs. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w34630/w34630.pdf